![]() ![]() Burn pile A typical small burn pile in a garden. There are various types of incinerator plant design: moving grate, fixed grate, rotary-kiln, and fluidised bed. Modern incinerators include pollution mitigation equipment such as flue gas cleaning. Technology Īn incinerator is a furnace for burning waste. The first facility in the Czech Republic was built in 1905 in Brno. The first US incinerator was built in 1885 on Governors Island in New York, NY. They were originally known as destructors. in 1874 to a design patented by Alfred Fryer. The first UK incinerators for waste disposal were built in Nottingham by Manlove, Alliott & Co. 1894 destructor furnace at Cambridge Museum of Technology This section needs expansion with: more data and additional citations. A number of other European countries rely heavily on incineration for handling municipal waste, in particular Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Germany, and France. In 2005, waste incineration produced 4.8% of the electricity consumption and 13.7% of the total domestic heat consumption in Denmark. Denmark and Sweden have been leaders by using the energy generated from incineration for more than a century, in localised combined heat and power facilities supporting district heating schemes. ![]() Waste combustion is particularly popular in countries such as Japan, Singapore and the Netherlands, where land is a scarce resource. Examples include chemical multi-product plants with diverse toxic or very toxic wastewater streams, which cannot be routed to a conventional wastewater treatment plant. Incineration has particularly strong benefits for the treatment of certain waste types in niche areas such as clinical wastes and certain hazardous wastes where pathogens and toxins can be destroyed by high temperatures. In many countries, simpler waste compaction is a common practice for compaction at landfills. Alternatively, at landfills, the volume of the uncompressed garbage can be reduced by approximately 70% by using a stationary steel compressor, albeit with a significant energy cost. Garbage trucks often reduce the volume of waste in a built-in compressor before delivery to the incinerator. This means that while incineration does not completely replace landfilling, it significantly reduces the necessary volume for disposal. Incinerators reduce the solid mass of the original waste by 80–85% and the volume (already compressed somewhat in garbage trucks) by 95–96%, depending on composition and degree of recovery of materials such as metals from the ash for recycling. Most of these facilities did not generate electricity. These facilities tended to risk the health of the plant workers and the local environment due to inadequate levels of gas cleaning and combustion process control. In some countries, incinerators built just a few decades ago often did not include a materials separation to remove hazardous, bulky or recyclable materials before combustion. In several countries, there are still concerns from experts and local communities about the environmental effect of incinerators (see arguments against incineration). Incineration and gasification may also be implemented without energy and materials recovery. While incineration and gasification technologies are similar in principle, the energy produced from incineration is high-temperature heat whereas combustible gas is often the main energy product from gasification. Incineration with energy recovery is one of several waste-to-energy technologies such as gasification, pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion. In some cases, the heat that is generated by incineration can be used to generate electric power. The flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed into the atmosphere. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as " thermal treatment". Industrial plants for waste incineration are commonly referred to as waste-to-energy facilities. Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of substances contained in waste materials. To the left of the main stack, a new identical oven line is under construction (March 2007). The incineration plant in Vienna, Austria, designed by Friedensreich Hundertwasser SYSAV incineration plant in Malmö, Sweden, capable of handling 25 tonnes (28 short tons) per hour of household waste.
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